Abstract
Generation of ionizing-background radiation in medical facilities is an emerging concern following its potential health risks, such as genetic mutations and cancer development. This work investigated and presented the background radiation levels and evaluate the associated health risks at two (2) medical facilities in Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria, a city with limited data on this subject. The study was carried out at General Hospital Dutse and Dr Sambo Specialist Hospital in Dutse metropolis. Radiation dosimeter (Radiation alert meter) was used for the background radiation measurement as exposure dose rates (EDR) at multiple locations inside and outside the selected facilities before and after the operation of radiation equipment (X-ray machines). The annual effective dose rate (AEDR) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were calculated based on international standards. The results of the study show that the indoor radiation levels were higher at Dutse General Hospital relative to Dr Sambo Hospital, where post-energization ELCR values significantly exceeded baseline levels, posing a potential long term effect. The outdoor readings across both facilities were below critical thresholds but highlighted exposure variations. Furthermore, our surveys revealed knowledge gaps in radiation safety measures among staff. The elevated radiation levels in Dutse General Hospital underscore the need for enhanced radiation safety measures and regular monitoring. The findings call for immediate action to reduce exposure risks, particularly for healthcare workers frequently in proximity to radiological equipment. Recommendations include implementing shielding measures, routine radiation monitoring, and training programs to safeguard public and staff health.

Key words: Ionizing radiation, radiation exposure, background radiation, health risk, annual effective dose, x-rays